Crossing point phenomena (T* = 2.7 K) in specific heat curves of superconducting ferromagnets RuSr2Gd1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-{\delta}

Crossing point phenomena are one of the interesting and still puzzling effects in strongly correlated electron systems. We have synthesized RuSr2Gd1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-{\delta} (GdRu-1222) magneto-superconductor through standard solid state reaction route and measured its magnetic, transport and thermal properties. We also synthesized RuSr2Eu1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-{\delta} (EuRu-1222) then measured its heat capacity in zero magnetic fields for reference. The studied compounds crystallized in tetragonal structure with space group I4/mmm. GdRu-1222 is a reported magneto-superconductor with Ru spins magnetic ordering at temperature around 110 K and superconductivity in Cu-O2 planes below around 40 K. To explore the crossing point phenomena, the specific heat [Cp (T)] was investigated in temperature range 1.9-250 K, under magnetic field of up to 70 kOe. Unfortunately though no magnetic and superconducting transitions are observed in specific heat, a Schottky type anomaly is observed at low temperatures below 20 K. This low temperature Schottky type anomaly can be attributed to splitting of the ground state spectroscopic term 8S7/2 of paramagnetic Gd3+ ions by both internal and external magnetic fields. It was also observed that Cp (T) being measured for different values of magnetic field, possesses the same crossing point (T* = 2.7 K), up to the applied magnetic field 70 kOe. A quantitative explanation of this phenomenon, based on its shape and temperature dependence of the associated generalized heat capacity (Cp), is presented. This effect supports the crossing point phenomena, which is supposed to be inherent for strongly correlated systems.Comment: 12 pages Text+Figs ([email protected]

Wikstrosin, a tricoumarin from Wikstroemia viridiflora

In the polar fraction of the extract from Wikstroemia viridiflora, daphnoretin and a new coumarin, wikstrosin, were identified. Wikstrosin has been characterised by chemical and spectral methods as a tricoumarin, a new class not reported hitherto in nature

Successive spin glass, cluster ferromagnetic, and superparamagnetic transitions in RuSr2Y1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10 complex magneto-superconductor

We report structural, DC magnetization, detailed linear/non-linear AC susceptibility, (with applied frequency and amplitude) isothermal and thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) behavior for RuSr2Y1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10 (YRu-1222) magneto-superconductor to understand its complex magnetism. Studied sample is synthesized through the novel solid state High Pressure (6 GPa) High Temperature (1450oC) (HPHT) technique. The compound is crystallized in tetragonal structure with space group I4/mmm (No. 139). DC magnetic susceptibility shows that studied YRu-1222 is magneto-superconducting with Ru spins magnetic ordering at around 110 K and superconductivity (SC) in the Cu-O2 planes below ~ 30 K. Frequency and field dependent detailed AC magnetic susceptibility measurements confirms the spin-glass (SG) behavior with homogeneous/non-homogeneous ferromagnetic (FM) clusters in this system. Variation of cusp position with applied AC frequency follows the famous Vogel-Fulcher law, which is commonly accepted feature for spin-glass (SG) system with homogeneous/non-homogeneous ferromagnetic clusters embedded in spin-glass (SG) matrix. Above the freezing temperature (Tf), first and third harmonics AC susceptibility analysis indicated possibility of the co-existence of spin cluster ferromagnetism with superparamagnetism (SPM). The M-H loops at low temperature exhibit the ferromagnetic behavior with rather small coercive field (Hc) and remnant magnetization (Mr). Summarily, the magnetic (DC and AC) susceptibility measurements and their analysis have enabled us to unearth the complex magnetism in terms of successive SG-FM-SPM transitions with temperature.Comment: 26 Pages Text + Figures; Comments/Suggestions ([email protected]

Spin dynamics, short-range order and superparamagnetism in superconducting ferromagnet RuSr2Gd1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-{\delta}

We report structural, detailed DC and linear/non-linear AC, isothermal and thermoremanent magnetization study of the rutheno-cuprate superconducting ferromagnet RuSr2Gd1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-{\delta} (GdRu-1222). Structural analysis, by employing Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern, reveals that GdRu-1222 crystallizes in tetragonal phase with I4/mmm space group. GdRu-1222 is a reported superconducting ferromagnet with Ru spins magnetic ordering at around 110 K and superconductivity below 40 K in Cu-O2 planes. Detailed linear/non-linear first and higher order harmonic of AC susceptibility studies unveiled the complex magnetism of GdRu-1222. A frequency dependent cusp is observed in AC susceptibility ({\chi}ac) vs. T measurements. The change in cusp position with applied frequency followed the well known Vogel-Fulcher law, which is a feature to describe a spin-glass (SG) system with possibility of embedded homogeneous/non-homogeneous magnetically interacting/non-interacting ferromagnetic clusters. Such an interpretation is also supported by thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) study at T = 60 K. Detailed interpretation of AC magnetization results revealed the formation of magnetic (ferromagnetic) homogenous/non-homogenous clusters of different sizes embedded in spin-glass (SG) matrix. The magnetization vs. applied field loops do not saturate, even at high applied fields (50 kOe), resulting in the short-range magnetic ordering in the system, which causes the formation of clusters that freeze at low temperatures. Temperature variation of first- and third-order susceptibility harmonics show good agreement with Wohlfarth's model (WM), leading to the superparamagnetism (SPM) state. Detailed magnetization (DC and AC both) results and their analysis helped in explaining the temperature dependent magnetism of the GdRu-1222 system.Comment: 24 Pages Text + Figures; Comments/Suggestions ([email protected])/www.freewebs.com/vpsawana

Dust in a few southern H II regions

The property of dust in four southern H II region/molecular cloud complexes (RCW 108, RCW 57, RCW 122, and G351.6-1.3) was discussed. These regions were observed at an effective wavelength of 150 micron using TIFR balloon borne 1 m telescope and deconvolved maps with a resolution of 1 min were obtained. The data were combined with other available data to derive the properties of the infrared emitting dust in these regions

Post-infection changes in ascorbic acid contents of aonla (Phyllanthus emblica L.) fruits caused by Aspergillus niger Van TIegh

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Distribution of dust in W31 complex

W31 is a H II region/molecular cloud complex in the galactic plane at a distance of 6 Kpc. This complex consists of two prominent radio continuum sources (G10.2-0.3 and G10.3-0.1) representing H II regions. An extended region covering both these H II regions was mapped in the Far IR (FIR) using the TIFR 1 m balloon-borne telescope with an angular resolution of approx. 1 min and a dynamic range of 100. The resulting flux density distribution at an effective wavelength of 160 microns is presented. The coadded IRAS survey scan data at 60 and 100 microns were deconvolved using a maximum entropy method to generate the flux density maps of the same region. These 60 and 100 micron maps are given and are briefly discussed

Far-infrared observations of Circinus and NGC 4945 galaxies

Circinus and NGC 4945 are two galaxies luminous in the infrared and are characterized by compact non thermal radio nuclei, deep silicate absorption features and unusually strong water vapor maser luminosities. Moorwood and Glass (1984) have observed these galaxies extensively in the 1 to 20 micron range. In the far-infrared, observations up to 100 microns are available from the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS). In order to study the cool dust component of these galaxies, researchers observed them at 150 microns using the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) 100 cm balloon-borne telescope. Here, they report observations along with deconvolved maps at 50 and 100 microns obtained from the Chopped Photometric Channel (CPC) on board IRAS

Study of spin glass and cluster ferromagnetism in RuSr2Eu1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-δ magneto superconductor

We report DC magnetization, detailed systematic linear and nonlinear AC magnetic susceptibility and transport for a single phase RuSr2Eu1.4Ce0.6Cu2O10-δ (EuRu-1222) magneto-superconductor. The studied sample is synthesized through standard solid state reaction route, which is crystallized in single phase tetragonal structure with space group I4/mmm. DC magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that the studied EuRu-1222 is a magneto-superconductor with Ru spins ordering at around 110 K and superconductivity in the Cu-O2 planes below ≈ 30 K. Temperature dependence of AC susceptibility with different frequency and amplitude variations confirms spin-glass behavior with cluster ferromagnetism of the system. Change in the cusp position with frequency follows the Vogel-Fulcher law, which is commonly accepted feature for a spin-glass (SG) system with ferromagnetic clusters. The third harmonic of AC susceptibility (χ3) shows that the system undergoes a spin glass transition below 80 K. Superconducting transition temperature (Tc) onset and ρ = 0 are seen at around 30 and 18 K without any applied field and the same decreases to 10 and 2 K under 130 kOe applied field. Also low fields isothermal (MH) suggests that ferromagnetic clusters are embedded in spin-glass (SG) matrix. The magnetization versus applied field (MH) loops exhibited ferromagnetic (FM) like behavior with rather small coercive fields. Detailed AC magnetic susceptibility measurements are carried out to unearth the short range magnetic correlations. These results support the spin-glass (SG) formation followed by ferromagnetic clustering effects at low temperatures. Our detailed magnetization and magneto transport results will undoubtedly contribute to current understanding of the complex magnetism of the EuRu-1222 system

Primary Sjogren's syndrome : rarity in India

Objective : Primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is rarely reported from India. We have studied the clinical spectrum and immunological profile of patients with primary SS. Methods : A prospective analysis of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome fulfilling San Francisco criteria, seen at our clinic in the last 10 years was carried out. Results : The study included 26 patients, 21 being women. The presenting symptoms included dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthritis/ arthralgia. Extra-glandular manifestations were glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, renal tubular acidosis and peripheral neuropathy. The important laboratory abnormalities were hypergammaglobulinaemia (16/20), antinuclear antibodies (18/26), anti-La (11/19) and anti-Ro (10/19). Minor salivary gland provided a definitive diagnosis in 16/26 (60%). Conclusion : The prevalence of primary Sjogren's syndrome is rare even in tertiary care rheumatology clinics. The clinical and immunological profile as seen here is similar to that reported in Western countries